Clinical Application of the Next Generation Sequencing for Molecular Classification in Endometrial Carcinomas / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical application of molecular classification in endometrial cancers with the next generation sequencing （NGS）. MethodsTotally 112 cases of endometrial carcinoma diagnosed by pathology in The Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were collected. All of them were tested by hybridized-capture second-generation sequencing based on 1，021 gene panel. The molecular variation spectrum of each subtype and its relationship between the clinicopathological features were analyzed. ResultsThe cases were distributed as follows： 8 （7.1%） POLE mutation， 34 （30.4%） mismatch repair deficient， 26 （23.2%） TP53 mutation， 44 （39.3%） non-specific molecular profile. The median tumor mutation burden was respectively 252.0， 38.4， 5.8 and 5.4 Muts/Mb. There were no significantly differences among four subtypes in clinicopathological features such as age， histological grade， lymph node metastasis and clinical stage. PTEN （75.5%）， PIK3CA （66.7%）， ARID1A （55.9%）， TP53 （40.2%）， NF1 （29.4%） were the most common mutations in endometrial cancers. ConclusionsThe utilization of NGS in endometrial cancers can simultaneously identify molecular subgroups， screen Lynch syndrome and obtain molecular variation spectrum， which can provide guidance for immunotherapy and targeted therapy， contribute to further accumulation and exploration of molecular genetic characteristics.

Associations between 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and all-cause mortality in adults living in north China / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To investigate the associations between 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (24hUNaE) and all-cause mortality in adult Northern Chinese population. Methods: Data from this study were derived from the prospective urban and rural epidemiology (PURE) study in north China. Baseline information of all participants were obtained by face to face interview through trained research staffs based on questionnaires, and morning fasting urine samples of participants were collected to estimate 24hUNaE and 24-hour potassium excretion (24hUKE). Multivariable frailty Cox regression models were used to explore the association between 24hUNaE (<3.00, 3.00-3.99, 4.00-4.99, 5.00-5.99 and ≥6 g/d) and all-cause death. Results: A total of 27 310 participants were included in this study. The mean 24hUNaE was (5.84±1.73) g/d. After a median follow-up of 8.8 years, 1 024 participants died (3.7%), including 390 cardiovascular related deaths and 591 non-cardiovascular related deaths. The cause of death of the remaining patients could not be determined. Using 24hUNaE level of 4.00-4.99 g/d as the reference group, after fully adjustment, 24hUNaE ≥6.00 g/d was associated with an increased risk of all-cause death (HR=1.24, 95%CI: 1.02-1.49) and cardiovascular related death (HR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.02-1.88). 24hUNaE<3.00 g/d was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1.38, 95%CI: 0.96-1.99). There was no significant association between 24hUNaE and non-cardiovascular related death. Furthermore, using the combination of 24hUNaE 4.00-4.99 g/d and 24hUKE≥2.11 g/d as the reference group, the highest risk occurred in participants with the combination of low sodium (<3.00 g/d) and low potassium (<2.11 g/d). Conclusion: 24hUNaE equal or higher than 6 g/d or lower than 3 g/d is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular related death in Northern Chinese population. Besides, moderate sodium intake in combination with increased potassium intake might reduce the risk of all-cause death.

Summary of tools for assessment of public health emergency response capability / 中华流行病学杂志

With the progress of globalization, the public health emergencies represented by major infectious diseases have become a major challenge for the public health management in China. The article briefly describes the emergency response capability assessment tools in China, and introduces two emergency response assessment tools with complete content structure and wide application in the world. Then the advantages and disadvantages of the tools are compared and discussed in order to provide reference for improvement of the assessment tools for public health emergency response capability in China.

Screening of type II 5α-reductase inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicine based on molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation technology / 中草药

Objective: To screen the potential type II 5α-reductase inhibitors from active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) based on molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation technology. Methods: The molecular docking was used to screen 26 monomer compositions from TCM. Based on the docking results, MD was performed to evaluate the binding strength of compounds with protein. The binding free energy of the system was calculated using the MM/PBSA method. The in vitro micro-reaction system was used to investigate biological activity. Results: The binding energies of 26 monomer compositions from TCM to type II 5-alpha Reductase were different. Among them, ligustroflavone, safflower yellow and hinokiflavone have low binding energies to type II 5-alpha reductase, and their binding abilities were strong. The molecular dynamics simulation results are consistent with the docking results (binding capacity: ligustroflavone-protein > safflower yellow-protein > hinokiflavone-protein). The three components ligustroflavone, safflower yellow and hinokiflavone have a certain inhibitory activity on type II 5α-reductase with the IC50 value of (42.12 ± 3.83), (69.06 ± 6.35), and (191.28 ± 5.90) μmol/L, respectively. Conclusion: Among the screened 26 monomer compositions, ligustroflavone, safflower yellow and hinokiflavone have the potential to be used in the study of treatment and prevention of androgen-dependent diseases, which provides a reference for further exploration and discovery of type II 5α-reductase inhibitors.

Phenols and Organic Acids Constituents in Water Decoction of Curcumae Rhizoma-Sparganii Rhizoma Herbal Pair and Single Herb / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate constituents containing phenolic hydroxyl or carboxylic acid （excluding diarylheptanoids） from Curcumae Rhizoma and Sparganii Rhizoma herbal pair and single herb. Method:Multiple chromatographic separation techniques， including silica gel，MCI gel and Sephadex LH-20 gel， were employed to isolate and purify the compounds. Their structures were identified by means of the nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR），mass spectrometry （MS） and physicochemical properties. Constituents were quickly analyzed by UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MSn，and scanned in positive and negative ion modes. Result:These compounds were determined as trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid（1），vanillic acid（2），protocatechuic acid（3），fumalic acid（4），succinic acid（5），succinic acid monomethyl ester（6），docosanoic acid（7），azelaic acid（8） and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde（9）. Forty compounds were speculated by comparing mass spectrometry data，retention times of some compounds and reference materials，including 14 phenols and 26 organic acids. Among the compounds of herbal pair，8 phenols and 22 organic acids in Sparganii Rhizoma as well as 11 phenols and 13 organic acids in Curcumae Rhizoma were identified. Cleavage pathways of main compounds were described. Conclusion:There are abundant phenols and organic acids in Curcumae Rhizoma and Sparganii Rhizoma herbal pair and single herb. The results enrich pharmacodynamic material basis of Curcumae Rhizoma and Sparganii Rhizoma herbal pair.

Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of covalent tyrosine kinase inhibitors / 药学学报

Covalent tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) can inhibit the signaling pathway of tumor cells by covalent binding with cysteine residues of target proteins, which has the advantages of high potency, extended duration of action and overcoming drug resistance. In this article, we will review the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of some covalent TKIs. Currently, the covalent TKIs approved by US food and drug administration (FDA) are afatinib, neratinib, dacomitinib, osimertinib, ibrutinib and acalabrutinib. Pyrotinib have been approved by National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) to reach the market recently. Covalent TKIs can covalently bind with plasma proteins, especially human serum albumin, thus effected the pharmacokinetics of these drugs.

Analysis of Inflammatory Factors and Related Factors in Population With Overweight Combining Abdominal Obesity and High-normal Blood Pressure / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To explore the changes of inflammatory factors and related factors in the population with overweight combining abdominal obesity and high-normal blood pressure (BP). Method: Our research included in 2 groups: Group A: n=189 subjects with high-normal BP, overweight and abdominal obesity, their BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2, waist circumference (WC) ≥ 90 cm in male, WC ≥ 85 cm in female, SBP(120-139) mmHg or DBP (80-89) mmHg; Group B, n=87 healthy subjects with matched age, BMI < 24 kg/m2, BP < 120/80 mmHg as normal control. Blood lipids and other biochemical parameters were examined; serum levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICMA1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1), chemokines-1 (CXCL-1), CXCL-2 and oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) were measured by ELISA. Results: Compared with Group B, Group A had increased TG, fasting blood glucose and non-HDL-C, all P<0.05; elevated serum levels of ICMA1 and MCP1, both P<0.05. Correlation analysis indicated that in Group A, ICMA1 was positively related to BMI, SBP, LDL-C and negatively related to age, which had gender difference; MCP1 was positively related to WC, SBP, LDL-C, non-HDL-C and negatively related to HDL-C, which also had gender difference; oxLDL was positively related to SBP, LDL-C; no evidence showed that CXCL-1 and CXCL-2 were related to obesity, BP and metabolic parameters; in Group B, no evidence showed that inflammatory factors were related to the other parameters. Linear regression analysis for inflammatory parameters found that after excluding other factors, in Group A, ICMA1 was positively related to BMI (t=2.901, P=0.005); in male gender, MCP1 was positively related to SBP (t=5.076, P=0.000), negatively related to DBP (t=-3.369, P=0.001). oxLDL was positively related to age (t=2.168, P=0.032) and LDL-C (t=2.146, P=0.034); CXCL-1 was negatively related to HDL-C (t=-2.013, P=0.047). Conclusion: The subjects with overweight abdominal obesity and high-normal BP were usually having abnormal metabolism of glucose and lipids, elevated serum levels of inflammatory parameters, blood levels of inflammatory factors were increasing with elevated BMI and SBP accordingly which implied the association with critical range of BP.

International experiences and implications for education and training of health professionals in rural areas / 中国卫生政策研究

Objectives:To describe and summarize international evidences on policies and programs for training health personnel in rural areas,to identify best practice to increase health manpower in rural areas, and to provide references for China's policy of targeted admission program. Methods:This is a literature review based research. 48 literatures in Chinese and English were selected about the training of health professionals in rural areas at home and a-broad. Thematic framework approach was applied to review and analyze the related strategies and practices,and les-sons learned. Results: Common measures to train health personnel in rural areas included: enrollment of students with a rural background,tutoring system in medical training,internship in rural health institutions, financial incen-tives,and compulsory rural services after graduation. Lessons learnt:(1) adequate financial resources are a prereq-uisite for smooth program implementation;(2) Good project management and evaluation are critical aspects of effec-tive project implementation;(3) choosing the right combination of various practices to implement such projects can improve effectiveness. Conclusions:The policy of targeted admission program is suitable for China's current situation. Meanwhile,international experiences can provide valuable lessons to improve China's program design and implemen-tation and these include:increasing capital investment,strengthening management and evaluation,and strengthening sector cooperation to further improve targeted admission program.

Effect of electroacupuncture on expressions of acetylcholine and mucin 5AC in the lungs of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the expressions of acetylcholine (ACh) and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) in the lungs of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),and explore the mechanism of EA in treating COPD.Methods:Thirty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a control group,a COPD group,and an EA group,with 10 rats in each group.The control group was a group of normal rats.The COPD rat model was induced by cigarette smoke combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).The COPD rats were treated with EA at bilateral Feishu (BL 13) and Zusanli (ST 36) in the EA group,30 min each time,once a day,successively for 14 d.The lung function was tested.The contents of ACh and MUC5AC in lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between pulmonary function and the content of MUC5AC in lungs.The mRNA and protein expressions of MUC5AC in lung tissues were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot (WB),respectively.The immune response of MUC5AC was observed by immunohistochemistry.Results:Eight rats were left in each group,and the other two died.Compared with the control group,the total airway resistance (Raw) increased significantly and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) decreased significantly in the COPD group (P＜0.01);compared with the COPD group,the Raw level declined significantly and Cdyn increased significantly in the EA group (P＜0.01).The contents of ACh and MUC5AC in the lungs and BALF were remarkably higher in the COPD group compared with those in the control group (P＜0.01,P＜0.001);compared with the COPD group,the contents of ACh and MUC5AC were significantly lower in the EA group (P＜0.05,P＜0.001).There was a negative correlation between MUC5AC content and lung function (P＜0.001).The mRNA and protein expressions of MUC5AC in the lungs were significantly higher in the COPD group than in the control group (P＜0.001);compared with the COPD group,the expressions were significantly lower in the EA group (P＜0.01).Compared with the control group,the immune response of MUC5AC in the airway epithelium significantly increased in the COPD group (P＜0.001);the immune response of MUC5AC was significantly lower in the EA group compared with that in the COPD group (P＜0.001).Conclusion:EA treatment can improve the lung function of COPD rats,which may be related to its effect in the down-regulation of ACh and MUC5AC contents in the lungs as well as the inhibition of mucus hypersecretion.

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Cathinones in Human Urine by SPE-GC-MS / 法医学杂志

Objective To propose an alternative solid phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPE-GC-MS) method for the sensitive determination of cathinones in human urine samples, plus methodological verification.Methods Human urine samples were concentrated by solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbent and converted into the corresponding heptafluorobutyric acid anhydride derivatives.Methcathinone, 4-methyl methcathinone and 3, 4-methylenedioxy-N-methylcathinone were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).With quantitative analysis by internal standard method, methodological verification was carried out from the aspects of specificity, precision and recovery rate.Results Methcathinone, 4-methyl methcathinone and 3, 4-methylenedioxy-N-methylcathinone showed good linearly in the range of 25-200 ng/mL of urine (r＞0.99), with the limits of detection2.0 ng/mL, limit of quantitation 25.0 ng/mL, both intra-and inter-day coefficients of variation lower than 6.0％, and recovery rates of 98.4％-105.7％.Conclusion The proposed SPE-GC-MS procedure has good accuracy and specificity, can meet the need of qualitative and quantitative analysis of cathinones in the urine of drug abusers, and therefore provide technical support for the detection of cathinone abuse.

The impact of separating drug sales from medical services reform on mechanism of controlling outpatient and emergency expenses in Beijing / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective:To evaluate the impact and analyze the mechanism of separating drug sales from medical services reform on the total medical expenditure containment of outpatient services in Beijing. Methods:The monitoring data and historical data from 89 third-level,78 second-level public hospitals,and 206 primary health institutions and community health service agencies,which participated in the reform,were analysed to estimate the impacts on outpa-tient service utilization and service price. The analysis was based on the data of the first and second quarters of 2016 outpatient and emergency department fee changes,and analysis of service utilization and service price factors on the im-pact of changes in outpatient and emergency services mechanism. Results:The total outpatients'expenditure in Beijing in the second quarter of 2017 was 17.38 billion yuan,representing a slight decrease of 1.14% than the expenditure in 2016. The growth rate reduced by 2.46%. Expenditure in third-level and second-level hospitals decreased by 2.82% and 3.02%,respectively,with reductions in growth rates of 4.06% and 3.74% respectively. Expenditure in primary institutions increased by 17.09%. The increase rate in the second quarter of 2017 was 26.28%,representing a remark-able increase compared to the rate in 2016(15.84%). The contribution from the medical institution service prices and service utilization to the change of outpatient and emergency medical expenditure containment was 6.98% and -7. 65%,respectively. For third-level hospitals,the contribution was 10.37% and -12.00%,respectively;second-level hospitals were 0.72% and -3.35%,respectively;and the primary health institutions was 6.08% and 9.57%. Con-clusions:Beijing's comprehensive reform of separating drug sales from medical services reform has effectively controlled the rising medical expenditure of outpatient services,mainly by adjusting outpatients service utilization between differ-ent level healthcare institutions.

Umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation through multiple immunoregulations / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are increasingly used to treat graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), their immune regulatory mechanism in the process is elusive. The present study aimed to investigate the curative effect of third-party umbilical cord blood-derived human MSCs (UCB-hMSCs) on GVHD patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and their immune regulatory mechanism. Twenty-four refractory GVHD patients after allo-HSCT were treated with UCB-hMSCs. Immune cells including T lymphocyte subsets, NK cells, Treg cells and dendritic cells (DCs) and cytokines including interleukin-17 (IL-17) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were monitored before and after MSCs transfusion. The results showed that the symptoms of GVHD were alleviated significantly without increased relapse of primary disease and transplant-related complications after MSCs transfusion. The number of CD3(+), CD3(+)CD4(+) and CD3(+)CD8(+) cells decreased significantly, and that of NK cells remained unchanged, whereas the number of CD4(+) and CD8(+) Tregs increased and reached a peak at 4 weeks; the number of mature DCs, and the levels of TNF-α and IL-17 decreased and reached a trough at 2 weeks. It was concluded that MSCs ameliorate GVHD and spare GVL effect via immunoregulations.

Clinical study of western medicine combined with Chinese medicine based on syndrome differentiation in the patients with polarized hypertension / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects and safety of Western medicine combined with Chinese medicine (CM) based on syndrome differentiation in the treatment of elderly polarized hypertension (PHPT), or isolated systolic hypertension with low diastolic blood pressure (DBP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 125 elderly patients with PHPT were randomly assigned to two groups: 59 in the control group treated by Western medicine and 66 in the intervention group treated by Western medicine combined with CM treatment. Based on syndrome differentiation, the patients in the intervention group were further divided into subgroups of yang-qi deficiency and yin-qi deficiency. All subjects were treated with Western medicine of Amlodipine Besylate Tablets and Irbesartan Tablets (or Irbesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets), to decrease their systolic blood pressure (SBP) slowly to 125-135 mm Hg in 2-6 weeks. In the intervention group, Shiyiwei Shenqi Capsule was given additionally to the subgroup of yang-qi deficiency at the dosage of 3-5 capsules, thrice a day, while Dengzhan Shengmai Capsule was given additionally to the subgroup of yin-qi deficiency at the dosage of 2 capsules, 2-3 times per day. For all subjects, SBP, pulse pressure (PP), and DBP were measured before treatment and at the terminal of a 6-week treatment. For subjects in the intervention group, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was also recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After a 6-week treatment, the SBP in the two groups and the PP in the intervention group decreased significantly compared to those before treatment (P<0.05), while the PP in the control group showed no significant difference between prior and post-treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, the DBP in the control group decreased (P>0.05), while the DBP and LVEF in the intervention group showed an increase tendency although it had no statistical significance (P>0.05). When subjects in the intervention group were classified further by the course of disease, the DBP and LVEF of subjects whose course of disease were less than 2 years, increased significantly after treatment (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Western medicine combined with CM treatment based on syndrome differentiation was safer and more effective than Western medicine alone in the treatment of elderly PHPT, because it not only reduced SBP but also improved DBP, which might lower the incidence of the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.</p>

Correlation of apparent diffusion coefficient with Ki-67 in the diagnosis of gliomas / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the correlation between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and Ki-67, a marker of tumor activity, in the diagnosis of gliomas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), enhanced scanning, and diffusion-weighted imaging were performed in 76 patients with pathologically confirmed gliomas. The ADC values were measured at tumor parenchyma and the corresponding contralateral normal brain. The relatively ADC (rADC) values of the tumor parenchyma were calculated. The correlation of the ADC values with tumor grades was analyzed. The expression of Ki-67 was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The correlation between ADC value and Ki-67 in the diagnosis of gliomas was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ADC values and rADC values of high-grade gliomas were significantly lower than those of low-grade gliomas. The ADC values of tumor parenchyma were inversely associated with the degree of malignancy of the gliomas (r=-0.898, r=-0.868; P<0.01). The expression of Ki-67 was significantly higher in high-grade gliomas than that in low-grade gliomas. The Ki-67 labeling index in grade 3 and 4 gliomas were (29.48 ± 19.78)% and (31.21 ± 17.50)%, respectively. Both of them were significantly higher than Ki-67 labeling index in low-grade (grade 1 and 2) gliomas [(2.33 ± 2.20)%] (P<0.01). Nevertheless, the Ki-67 labeling index showed no significant difference between grade 3 and 4 gliomas (P>0.05). The expression of Ki-67 was negatively correlated with the ADC values and rADC values in tumor parenchyma (r=-0.627, r=-0.607; P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The ADC and rADC values of tumor parenchyma can indirectly reflect the proliferation and malignancy of gliomas and therefore can be useful for the grading of glioma.</p>

Intracranial hemangiopericytoma: a case report and review of the literature

Intracranial hemangiopericytomas [HPCs] are rare central nervous system tumors arising from Zimmermann pericytes or mesenchymal cells. It is often difficult to distinguish these tumors from meningiomas based on clinical features and radiological findings. HPCs have been clinically detected in many of the intracranial compartments; here, we present a case with presumed meningioma that was adjacent to the right lateral ventricle and was confirmed by histopathology analysis. A 22-year-old man was referred to our hospital with a slowly expanding, painless mass adjacent to the right ventricle that he had first noticed by accident seven months before. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the presence of homogeneously enhancing mass adjacent to the right lateral ventricle, which was suggestive of a meningioma. The tumor was definitively diagnosed as an intracranial HPC by pathological examination. It is imperative that the surgeon consider this rare diagnosis when evaluating patients with lesions regarded as extracerebral tumors.

Clinical study of strengthening pi and nourishing shen therapy combined with Western medicine on patients with glucocorticoid resistant myasthenia gravis / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of strengthening Pi and nourishing Shen therapy (SPNST) in treating patients with glucocorticoid resistant myasthenia gravis (GR-MG).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-seven patients with MG were enrolled, who were relapse cases after treated by cholinesterase inhibitor with systemic glucocorticoid treatment and showed resistance to glucocorticoid. All were treated by Western medicines, methylprednisolone (MP) and pyridostigmine bromide (PSB), together with Chinese medicine (CM) given according to their syndrome types, namely, for the 15 patients of Pi-Shen qi-yin deficiency type, Buzhong Yiqi Pill and Liuwei Dihuang Pill, and for the 12 patients of Pi-Shen yang-deficiency type, Buzhong Yiqi Pill and Zishen Yutai Pill. The dosages of medicines were reduced gradually in MP-PSB-CM order along with the progressing of the therapy in 4 stages (symptom curing, choline receptor restoration, immune regulation, and functional strengthening). Muscle strength and overall state of patients were re-examined before and after each of the 4 stages.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 1-year treatment, the therapeutic effect in 9 patients was judged as completely remitted; in 7 as remitted with continuous medication; in 5, 1 and 3 as significantly improved, moderately improved and unchanged respectively, while 2 patients died.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Integrative medicine shows definite effects in treating GR-MG, and it is worthy of further studying.</p>

Construction of recombinant baculovirus Ac-CMV-hSox9 for gene therapy of intervertebral disc degeneration / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct the recombinant baculovirus Ac-cytomegalovirus (CMV)-hSox9 for gene therapy of intervertebral disc degeneration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bac-to-Bac system was used for the construction of baculovirus Ac-CMV-hSox9. The cDNA of hSox9 was first cloned into a plasmid vector under the control of CMV promotor to generate the donor plasmid pFastBacDuljgreen fluorescene protein (GFP)-CMV (pFGC)-hSox9. The resultant plasmid was transformed into DH10Bac cells and then the transformation mixture was spread on Luria-Bertani (LB) agarose culture medium containing isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG), X-gal, gentamicin, kanamycin and tetracycline. The white colonies were selected and cultured for amplification, and the hSox9Bacmid DNA was extracted. After verification, recombinant baculovirus Ac-CMV-hSox9 was obtained through transfecting Sf 21 cells. The expression of hSox9 gene in the intervertebral disc cells in rabbits was determined by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the presence of hSox9 gene in the recombinant baculovirus and the Sf 21 cells transfected by the baculovirus showed the expression of fluorescence protein. Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining analysis indicated that exogenous hSox9 gene was expressed in the disc cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The successful construction of the recombinant baculovirus Ac-CMV-hSox9 and the confirmation of the target gene expression provides a novel expression vector system for basic research and clinical treatment of intervertebral degenerative disc disease.</p>

Study on the risk factors leading to irregularly anti-pulmonary tuberculosis drug taking in patients with smear positive / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe the current situation and explore risk factors to irregularly antipulmonary tuberculosis(TB) drugs taking in smear positive TB patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four out of the forty counties in Chongqing were randomly sampled according to the levels of social and economic development. Totally, 405 new patients with smear positive tuberculosis were systematically sampled and a household survey was carried out. A multiple logistic regression model was fitted to explore the risk factors to irregularly anti-TB drugs taking.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of valid 401 cases, 50 (12.47%) did not take their drugs regularly and the top 3 reasons for irregular drugs taking were: (1) Adverse effects; (2)Economic hardship; (3) Stopped taking drugs when symptom disappeared. Results from multiple logistic regression analysis showed that factors as: self-perceived economical burden, awareness on TB before being infected and awareness on the fact that if anti-TB drugs can be stopped if the symptoms disappeared, were statistically significant to irregularly drugs taking.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Strengthening health education program and alleviation of economical burden might serve as two effective measures for regularly drugs taking among TB patients.</p>

Antioxidant response element activator protects motor neurons from selected death / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of antioxidant response element (ARE) activator- 5,6-dihydrocyclopenta[ C ]-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (CPDT) on organotypic spinal cord cultures and to study whether this activation can protect motor neurons from oxidative stress.Methods Organotypic spinal cord cultures were prepared using lumbar spinal cord slices from 8-day-old rat.Threo-hydroxyaspartate (THA) was continuously added into the culture medium for 3 weeks,which caused selective motor neuron death. Thus,the in vitro model of amyotrophic Lateral sclerosis (ALS) was established.15,30 ?mol/L of CPDT were added into the culture medium respectively.Ventral motor neurons survival was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody SMI-32,a nonphosphorylated neurofilament marker. Ultrastructure was observed with electronic microscope.Results The pretreatment of organotypic spinal cord cultures with different concentrations of CPDT significantly increase the total number of ventral motor neurons (15?mol/L:(15.81?6.97) perexplant;30?mol/L:(16.25?6.74) perexplant respectively) compared with THA group ((5.31?5.76) perexplant) and the former had plentiful neurite extensions (n= 15,P